optical microscopy with bright field nikon ss-fi1  (Nikon)

Journal: Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

Article Title: Lung Persistence, Biodegradation, and Elimination of Graphene‐Based Materials are Predominantly Size‐Dependent and Mediated by Alveolar Phagocytes

doi: 10.1002/smll.202301201

Figure Lengend Snippet: Structural and morphological characterization of the GBMs. a) Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of SGO, LGO, and LFLG. b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of GOs. c) Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of FLGs. d) Raman spectra of the GBMs. e) Summary of GBMs physicochemical characteristics; C/O ratio was evaluated using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Lateral dimensions were evaluated using AFM (GOs and LFLG), SEM (GOs), TEM (FLGs) and optic microscopy (LGO). Thickness was evaluated using AFM (GOs and LFLG), Raman (FLGs) or TEM (FLGs).

Article Snippet: Neutrophils, eosinophils, mono‐ and multi‐nucleated macrophages, and lymphocytes were identified and counted using bright field optical microscopy (AxioObserver, Zeiss).

Techniques: Microscopy, Electron Microscopy, Transmission Assay, Spectroscopy

Journal: Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

Article Title: Lung Persistence, Biodegradation, and Elimination of Graphene‐Based Materials are Predominantly Size‐Dependent and Mediated by Alveolar Phagocytes

doi: 10.1002/smll.202301201

Figure Lengend Snippet: Evaluation of GBM presence in alveolar phagocytes. BAL fluids were collected and alveolar cells were cyto‐spun on slides. Fixed cells were first analyzed by Raman scanning microscopy and second stained with colorimetric dyes. Then, materials' signal (G bands for GO and FLG) and cell phenotyping images were overlapped to evaluate GBM internalization in alveolar phagocytes. a) Raman signal in alveolar cells at day 1, 7, and 28 after exposure. b) Internalization of GBMs in macrophages at day 1, 7, and 28. c) Internalization of GBMs in neutrophils at day 1. d) Proportions of internalized GBMs in macrophages and neutrophils at day 1. Two‐way ANOVA (for macrophages) or one way ANOVA (for neutrophils) followed by Tukey's multiple comparisons test were used to evaluate, at each time‐point, statistical differences between GBMs respective large and small sizes (USGO vs LGO; SFLG vs LFLG: p < 0.05: * , p < 0.01: ** , and p < 0.001: *** ) or chemical characteristics (SGO vs SFLG; LGO vs LFLG: p < 0.05: # , p < 0.01: ## , and p < 0.001: ### ) ( n = 3).

Article Snippet: Neutrophils, eosinophils, mono‐ and multi‐nucleated macrophages, and lymphocytes were identified and counted using bright field optical microscopy (AxioObserver, Zeiss).

Techniques: Microscopy, Staining